Biology notes: Body's defences: fighting infectious diseases, disease tests, new drugs

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GCSE level biology exam revision notes - human health Part 2

GCSE level biology exam revision notes - human health Part 2

INDEX of GCSE level exam revision notes on keeping healthy 2

The body's different defences against infection, white blood cells, immune system, helpful medications, harmful pathogens, ways we can help with drugs and vaccines - immunisation

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Sub-index for this section on our body's defence mechanisms

This section helps you understand explaining the body's ways of fighting infectious diseases, immune system, detecting and treating diseases e.g. vaccination-immunisation, new drugs, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, disease tests, How does our body defend itself when it becomes infected?   What are the physical and chemical methods of protection?   What is a pathogen?   What is our immune system?  What is a vaccine?  How does vaccination-immunisation protect us? How are new drugs to treat and protect us developed?

(1) A historic note on cleanliness! Hygiene - what types of dangers exist? Types of pathogens?

(2) Our body's physical defences against pathogens-infectious diseases

(3) Our body's chemical defences against pathogens infectious diseases (excluding immune system, see Part 2.4)

(4) A Introduction to the body's immune system

(5) White blood cells and the action of phagocytes in our immune system

(6) The lymphatic system, lymphocytes - formation of antibodies in our immune system [see also (7)]

(7) The action of memory lymphocytes and production of anti-toxins in our immune system

(8) Vaccination-immunisation - including MMR - 'pros' and 'cons' of vaccination

(9) Drugs - introduction to medicines to treat disease and developing new drugs

(10) Using antibiotics to kill or inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens

(11) Using antiseptics, antifungal agents and antivirals to combat pathogens

(12) Monoclonal antibodies - production and uses

(13) Tests and methods for detecting diseases

See also Culturing microorganisms like bacteria - testing antibiotics

and for more on fighting disease see also

Keeping healthy - communicable diseases - pathogen infections

Keeping healthy - non-communicable diseases - risk factors for e.g. cancers


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General HUMAN BIOLOGY revision notes

Introduction to the organisation of cells => tissues => organs => organ systems (e.g. in humans)

Examples of surfaces for the exchange of substances in animal organisms 

See also Enzymes - section on digestion and synthesis 

The human circulatory system - heart, lungs, blood, blood vessels, causes/treatment of cardiovascular disease

Homeostasis - introduction to how it functions (negative feedback systems explained) 

Homeostasis - control of blood sugar level - insulin and diabetes 

Homeostasis - osmoregulation, ADH, water control, urea and ion concentrations and kidney function, dialysis

Homeostasis - thermoregulation, control of temperature 

The brain - what the different parts do and the dangers if damaged

An introduction to the nervous system including the reflex arc 

Hormone systems - Introduction to the endocrine system - adrenaline & thyroxine hormones 

Hormone systems - menstrual cycle, contraception, fertility treatments 

Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants and animals. 

Keeping healthy - communicable diseases - pathogen infections  

Keeping healthy - non-communicable diseases - risk factors for e.g. cancers  

Keeping healthy - diet and exercise 

Keeping healthy - defence against pathogens, infectious diseases, vaccination, drugs, monoclonal antibodies

See also Culturing microorganisms like bacteria - testing antibiotics/antiseptics 

Food tests for reducing sugars, starch, proteins and lipids 

The eye - structure and function - correction of vision defects 

Optics - lens types (convex, concave, uses), experiments, ray diagrams, correction of eye defects (gcse physics)


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