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School chemistry 14-16 GCSE level notes: Comparing structure & properties of types of polymers

GCSE level organic chemistry exam revision notes: Part 11.

INDEX of notes on comparing different types of polymers: thermoplastics, thermosets and fibres - examples of synthetic condensation polymers & natural polymers including proteins, DNA, wood, silk, starch & cellulose (plus links to other polymer pages)

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's chemistry exam revision notes on oil products & organic chemistry - comparing all types of polymers, suitable for students of UK GCSE Science level AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA GCSE chemistry courses, ~US grades 9-10 chemistry [page updated Mar 16th 2026 *]


Sub-index for this page (11A to 11C are now on separate pages)

11A Comparing themoplastics, thermosets and fibres

11B Synthetic condensation polymers like Nylon and Terylene - basic structure, properties and uses

11C. Examples of natural polymers, structure, function and uses e.g. starch, proteins, DNA (see also 12.)

11D. An exercise in choosing a plastic for a particular use (this page)

12. Natural Molecules: carbohydrates, sugars, natural polymers like starch & DNA (overlaps with 11C.

ALL my synthetic polymer-plastic pages revision notes

All my GCSE level chemistry revision notes

All my GCSE level oil and organic chemistry revision notes

All my advanced A level organic chemistry notes

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GCSE level m/c QUIZ on oil products & organic chemistry (easier-foundation-level)

GCSE level m/c QUIZ on oil products & organic chemistry (harder-higher-level)

All My synthetic polymer-plastics revision notes pages

Introduction to addition polymers: poly(ethene), poly(propene), polystyrene, PVC, PTFE - structure, uses

More on the uses of plastics, issues with using plastics, solutions and recycling methods

Introducing condensation polymers: Nylon, Terylene/PET, comparing thermoplastics, fibres, thermosets

Extra notes for more advanced level organic chemistry students (post 16, pre-university)

Polymerisation of alkenes to addition polymers - structure, properties, uses of poly(alkene) polymers

The manufacture, molecular structure, properties and uses of polyesters

Amides chemistry - a mention of polyamides

The structure, properties and uses of polyesters and polyamides involving aromatic monomers

The chemistry of amides including Nylon formation, structure, properties and uses

Stereoregular polymers -  isotactic/atactic/syndiotactic poly(propene) - use of Ziegler-Natta catalysts

11D An exercise in choosing a plastic for a particular use

(this section is repeated on the other GCSE polymer notes page)

Plastics are widely used in the manufacture of cars and other road vehicles because they are cheap to make of varied composition for a wide variety of uses, they are light, durable and can be dyed any colour, they can be flexible or rigid and so can be used for e.g. used for internal fittings e.g. dashboard cover, floor covers (can be rubber too), door coverings, transparent and coloured covers over headlights and brake lights, and the insulating sheathing for all the electrical wiring.

See also A survey of the properties and uses of a wide range of materials

How we use polymer compositions depends on their properties, some are quoted in the data table below

So, below is a decision making exercise on choosing a plastic for a particular job!

Note: NOT ALL the properties are necessarily relevant to make the decision.

At the moment A to F match questions (a) to (f) once only, but I may add further questions!

This exercise should provide a good challenge and discussion for a class, any feedback comments appreciated.

Polymer product Production cost Chemical resistance Melting point Strength (rigidity) Transparency can be made into fibres?
A high high high high good no
B low low high moderate poor no
C low low low low opaque yes
D low low low low poor no
E high low high very high opaque yes
F low high high high poor no

(a) Which plastic could be used as for disposable tableware like plates for hot meals or coffee cups?

(b) Which plastic could be used as a moving plastic component in a machine?

(c) Which plastic could used as containers for high volume production line of acids or alkalis?

(d) Which plastic could be used as laboratory volume measuring instrument e.g. a syringe or measuring cylinder

(e) Which plastic is suitable for clothing fabrics?

(f) Which plastic would be used for super-market carrier bags?

Answers near the end of the page


All my revision notes on polymers GCSE and A level

Multiple Choice Quizzes and Worksheets

KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on Oil Products (easier-foundation-level)

KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on Oil Products (harder-higher-level)

KS4 Science GCSE/IGCSE m/c QUIZ on other aspects of Organic Chemistry

and (c) doc b 3 linked easy Oil Products gap-fill quiz worksheets

ALSO gap-fill ('word-fill') exercises originally written for ...

... AQA GCSE Science (c) doc b Useful products from crude oil

AND (c) doc b Oil, Hydrocarbons & Cracking etc.

... OCR 21st C GCSE Science (c) doc b Worksheet gap-fill C1.1c Air pollutants etc ...

... Edexcel GCSE Science Crude Oil and its Fractional distillation etc ...

... each set are interlinked, so clicking on one of the above leads to a sequence of several quizzes

Answers to the Choosing a Plastic for a Particular Use Exercise in decision making

(a) Plastic B, to be disposable it must be cheap, chemical resistance doesn't matter (only in contact with food/drinks once), needs to be heat resistant, transparency doesn't matter?, needs to be reasonably rigid.

(b) Plastic E, firstly, it must be very strong to withstand the physical movement and friction in a working machine, it withstand heat from friction, chemical resistance need not be high, high cost acceptable for a specialised non-disposable part of a machine.

(c) Plastic F, needs to be reasonably cheap but heat and chemical resistant.

(d) Plastic A, it needs to be transparent to read the calibration marks accurately, it needs to be chemically and heat resistant to safe to use in the laboratory, it needs to be rigid to retain its accuracy, the high cost would be acceptable for a valuable measuring instrument in the laboratory, its not disposable.

(e) Plastic C, most important that it can be made into fibres, chemical and heat resistance is the responsibility of the owner/wearer!, needs to opaque or it becomes a 'see through'!

(f) Plastic D, the plastic needs to cheap, flexible and disposable (low cost), heat and chemical resistance are not important - responsibility of user!


14-16 gcse organic chemistry, keywords and phrases: revision study notes for 14-16 school chemistry AQA Edexcel OCR IGCSE/GCSE 9-1 chemistry science topics modules for studying what is the difference between a thermoplastic and a thermoset, what is a condensation polymer? how are condensation polymers made? what are the structure and properties of Nylon Terylene Melamine Formica Bakelite thermosetting, uses of thermoplastic fibres, comparison of examples of natural polymers, Examples of natural polymers like starch, protein and DNA, their structure, function and uses, a problem solving exercise to choose a plastic for a particular job, Explaining importance of polymers plastics in GCSE level chemistry, What you need to know about polymers plastics for GCSE level chemistry, Explaining use of polymers plastics knowledge in GCSE level chemistry, Examples of polymers plastics explained when studying GCSE level chemistry, What is the significance of polymers plastics in GCSE level chemistry, describing explaining theory of polymers plastics when studying GCSE level chemistry, exam revision notes for polymers plastics, online help for understanding polymers plastics in GCSE chemistry, what do I need to learn about polymers plastics? what do I need to know about polymers plastics for GCSE chemistry exams, how to prepare for questions on polymers plastics in GCSE chemistry examination? polymers plastics for syllabus-specifications for students taking the IGCSE/GCSE level chemistry examinations, summary revision notes key points on polymers plastics for students studying AQA igcse/gcse chemistry notes on polymers plastics, Edexcel gcse chemistry notes on polymers plastics,  OCR 21st century GCSE chemistry notes on polymers plastics, OCR gateway GCSE chemistry notes on polymers plastics, WJEC gcse chemistry notes on polymers plastics, CCEA gcse chemistry notes on polymers plastics, CIE Cambridge igcse chemistry, notes on polymers plastics useful for US grade 9-10 chemistry student courses


All my revision notes on polymers GCSE and A level

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INDEX of GCSE level notes on Products from oil and Organic Chemistry

Test your self on GCSE level organic chemistry

QUIZ on oil products & organic chemistry (easier-foundation-level)

QUIZ on oil products & organic chemistry (harder-higher-level)

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