infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol prominent wavenumbers cm-1 detecting functional groups present finger print for identification of 1-butanol image diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced pre-university organic chemistry: Infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

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Interpreting the infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol

(1-butanol, prim-butanol, prim-butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses, IB chemistry & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 & AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy of butan-1-ol (1-butanol) [spectrum page updated Mar 3rd 2026 *]

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Infrared spectroscopy - spectra index

See also the Isomers of molecular formula C₄H₁₀O (M_r = 74)

Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for butan-1-ol, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if butan-1-ol has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing butan-1-ol or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of 1-butanol doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of butan-1-ol. The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm^-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of butan-1-ol and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of butan-1-ol.

Butan-1-ol C₄H₁₀O , .

The molecular structure and naming of aliphatic alcohols and ethers
Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of butan-1-ol (1-butanol, n-butyl alcohol)

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of butan-1-ol

The most characteristic absorption is the broad O-H stretching vibration band at wavenumbers ~3550 to 3230 cm^-1, the breadth is caused by the interference of hydrogen bonding interactions, common to all hydrogen bonded molecules with a hydroxyl group.

R-O–H^δ⁺llll^δ^–:O-R ... etc.

C-H stretching vibration absorption occurs ~2900 cm^-1, wavenumbers common to any molecule with alkyl groups.

There are C-O stretching vibration absorption bands at wavenumbers ~1350 to 1000 cm^-1.

C-H stretching vibration absorptions appear at wavenumbers 1470 to 1370 cm^-1.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that particular functional group is absent from the butan-1-ol molecular structure.

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The mass spectrum of butan-1-ol (1-butanol,)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of butan-1-ol (1-butanol)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of butan-1-ol (1-butanol)

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