Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine C3H9N (CH3)2CHNH2

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Interpreting and explaining the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane, 2-propanamine, 2-propylamine, isopropylamine)

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy - analysing the infrared spectra of propan-2-amine (isopropylamine) [spectra page updated April 4th 2026 *]

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Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for propan-2-amine, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if propan-2-amine has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing propan-2-amine or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) C3H9N (CH3)2CHNH2 wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of isopropylamine 2-propylamine 2-propanamine doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes 

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane). The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane), wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) - a primary aliphatic amine.

propan-2-amine, 2-aminopropane, 2-propylamine, 2-propanamine, isopropylamine, (c) doc b

 (c) doc b The classification, structure and naming of organic nitrogen compounds

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane)

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane)

At wavenumbers ~3500 to 3300 cm-1 is a broad band for N-H bond stretching vibrations,  characteristic of amines.

Primary amines have a highly polar bond (δ-N-Hδ+) and the intermolecular forces are increased by permanent dipole - permanent dipole attractions including hydrogen bonding (N-Hδ+llllδ-N-H) between the propan-2-amine molecules (diagram below).

The hydrogen bonding interferes with the N-H stretching vibrations producing the broad band peaking at around ~3400 cm-1.

hydrogen bonding in aliphatic amines stronger intermolecular force bonds bonding higher boiling points compared to alkanes with no hydrogen bonding

Around 3000 to 2800 cm-1 are absorptions due to C-H stretching vibrations - they overlap with the N-H stretching vibrations of propan-2-amine.

There are also characteristic bands due to N-H vibrations at wavenumbers ~1650 to 1580 cm-1, often sharp, so do not confuse with the C=O vibrations from carbonyl compounds.

Absorption due to C-N vibrations, characteristic of C-N bonds in aliphatic amines like propan-2-amine occur at 1250 to 1020 cm-1.

There are other N-H vibration absorptions at wavenumbers ~910 to 665 cm-1,

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that a particular functional group is absent from the propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane) molecular structure.

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The mass spectra of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane, 2-propylamine, isopropylamine)

The H-1 NMR spectra of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane, 2-propylamine, isopropylamine)

The C-13 NMR spectra of propan-2-amine (2-aminopropane, 2-propylamine, isopropylamine)

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