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Doc Brown's A Level Organic Chemistry exam revision notes
Part 1
ALKANES and PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Part 1.
ALKANES and the PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY, cracking, uses of oil
fractions - physical and chemical properties of alkanes
[Author
© Dr
Phil Brown PhD: Doc
Brown's exam revision notes suitable
for A level chemistry students of advanced pre-university/college advanced level organic chemistry courses:
chemistry of
alkanes
[aromatic page updated April 9th 2026 *]
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All my advanced A level organic
chemistry notes
Index of GCSE level Oil - Useful Products
Chemistry Revision Notes
7.0 INDEX of all My ALKANES advanced level chemistry
notes
Abbreviations used: mpt =
melting point; bpt = boiling point; dec = thermally
decomposes, na = not applicable
1.1
What are Alkanes? The Molecular Structure and Nomenclature of Alkanes
 (Also includes an introduction on
how to write and display alkane formulae including isomers)
(Also
functions as a general introduction to organic structure before studying functional groups and homologous
series)
Chain isomerism of alkanes is fully
described, including any differences in physical properties
like boiling point.
AND important
notes on how to deduce empirical and molecular formula including
alkane examples
Calculation of empirical formula,
deducing molecular formula of a compound starting with % mass
composition)
ALSO quizzes involving alkanes
Combined multiple choice and type in name quiz on the structure and
naming of alkanes
Matching pair quiz on hydrocarbon structure
1.2
Sources of alkanes, the boiling points of alkanes and
fractional distillation of crude
oil into useful products
(Includes links to basic notes, which must be read too, and extra advanced level
notes on intermolecular bonding forces)
Basic notes on
Fractional distillation of crude OIL & uses of fractions
Pollution, Accidents
and Economic Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry
1.3
Modification of alkanes by
cracking, isomerisation and reforming
(Includes links to
basic notes, which must be read too, and extra advanced level
notes explaining the processes and reasons for the modifications to crude
oil fractions)
Basic notes on
CRACKING - a problem of supply and demand, other products
1.4
Complete and incomplete
combustion of alkanes and environmental pollution
(Includes links to GCSE notes
(which must be read too) and extra A
level notes on enthalpy calculations, trends and pollution)
Fossil fuel air pollution -
incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide & soot particulates
Air pollution - effects of sulfur oxides
and nitrogen oxides
including a
local acid rain project!
1.5
Modification of hydrocarbon fuel
mixtures, global warming-climate change and alternative fuels
(Includes links to
GCSE notes on e.g. global warming, biodiesel, hydrogen,
bioethanol etc.)
Basic notes on
Alcohols - bioethanol manufacture
Basic notes on
Biofuels & alternative fuels,
hydrogen, biogas, biodiesel
See also revision notes on
Greenhouse
effect, global warming, climate change,
carbon footprint from fossil fuel burning
1.6
Chlorination and bromination of
alkanes, reaction mechanisms and uses of products
(The reaction of alkanes with halogens,
diversity and uses of products and reaction mechanisms)
See also Part 14.1
Structural
isomerism of alkanes and effects on their properties
and
Part 15
Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy - examples of IR, mass, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR
spectra
and below are
specific spectra of
alkane compounds
Alkane reaction
mechanisms
The following notes have
basic reaction conditions, reagents and general equations as well as
detailed notes on the mechanisms indicated
(overlap because they were written before above sections 1.2 to 1.6 were
compiled).
Part
10.2
ALKANES - an introduction to their chemistry
Free radical
chlorination/bromination to give halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes,
alkyl halides)
Free radical mechanism for cracking
hydrocarbons to
give shorter alkanes and alkenes
Ionic mechanism for cracking
hydrocarbons
Some other associated pages
Summary
of Organic Functional Groups
Quiz on Organic Structure Recognition
Summary of organic
chemistry functional group tests
The shapes
and bond angles of simple organic molecules
Isomerism in organic chemistry
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All main spectra
indexes found at
THE SPECTRA OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS |
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Infrared spectra of
ALKANES
Infrared spectra of the isomers of C4H10
The
infrared spectrum of butane
The
infrared spectrum of 2-methylpropane
Infrared spectra of the isomers of C5H12
The infrared spectrum of pentane
The infrared spectrum for
2-methylbutane
The infrared spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane
Infrared spectra of the isomers of C6H14
The infrared spectrum of hexane
The infrared spectrum of
2-methylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
3-methylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
2,2-dimethylbutane
The infrared spectrum of
2,3-dimethylbutane
Infrared spectra of the isomers of C7H16
The infrared
spectrum of heptane
The
infrared spectrum of 2-methylhexane
The
infrared spectrum of 3-methylhexane
The
infrared spectrum of 3-ethylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
2,2-dimethylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
2,3-dimethylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
2,4-dimethylpentane
The infrared spectrum of
3,3-dimethylpentane
The infrared spectrum
of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
Infrared spectra of other alkanes
including cycloalkanes
The
infrared spectrum of ethane
The
infrared spectrum of propane
The
infrared spectrum of cyclopropane
The
infrared spectrum of cyclobutane
The
infrared spectrum of cyclopentane
The infrared
spectrum of cyclohexane
The infrared
spectrum of octane
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Mass spectra of ALKANES
Mass spectra of the isomers of
C4H10
The
mass spectrum of butane
The mass
spectrum of 2-methylpropane
Mass spectra of the isomers of C5H12
The mass spectrum of Pentane
The mass spectrum for 2-methylbutane
The mass spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane
Mass spectra of the isomers of C6H14
The mass spectrum of hexane
The mass spectrum of
2-methylpentane
The mass spectrum of
3-methylpentane
The mass spectrum of
2,2-dimethylbutane
The mass spectrum of
2,3-dimethylbutane
Mass spectra of the isomers of C7H16
The mass
spectrum of heptane
The mass
spectrum of 2-methylhexane
The mass
spectrum of 3-methylhexane
The
mass spectrum of 3-ethylpentane
The mass spectrum of
2,2-dimethylpentane
The mass spectrum of
2,3-dimethylpentane
The mass spectrum of
2,4-dimethylpentane
The mass spectrum of
3,3-dimethylpentane
The mass
spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
Mass spectra of other alkanes including
cycloalkanes
The
mass spectrum of ethane
The mass
spectrum of propane
The
mass spectrum of cyclopropane
The
mass spectrum of cyclobutane
The
mass spectrum of cyclopentane
The mass
spectrum of cyclohexane
The mass spectrum
of octane
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H-1 proton NMR spectra of ALKANES
1H NMR spectra of the isomers of
C4H10
The H-1 NMR spectrum of butane
The H-1
NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropane
1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C5H12
The H-1 NMR spectrum of pentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum for
2-methylbutane
The H-1 NMR spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane
1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C6H14
The H-1 NMR spectrum of hexane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2-methylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
3-methylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2,2-dimethylbutane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2,3-dimethylbutane
1H NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16
The H-1 NMR
spectrum of heptane
The
H-1 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane
The
H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane
The
H-1 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2,2-dimethylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2,3-dimethylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
2,4-dimethylpentane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
3,3-dimethylpentane
The H-1
NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
1H NMR spectra of other alkanes including
cycloalkanes
The H-1 NMR spectrum of
ethane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of propane
The H-1 NMR of cyclopropane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane
The H-1
NMR spectrum of cyclohexane
The H-1 NMR spectrum of octane
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C-13 carbon-13 NMR spectra
of ALKANES
13C NMR spectra of the isomers of
C4H10
The C-13 NMR spectrum of butane
The
C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylpropane
13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C5H12
The C-13 NMR spectrum of Pentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum for
2-methylbutane
The C-13 NMR spectrum for 2,2-dimethylpropane
13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C6H14
The C-13 NMR spectrum of hexane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2-methylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
3-methylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2,2-dimethylbutane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2,3-dimethylbutane
13C NMR spectra of the isomers of C7H16
The C-13 NMR
spectrum of heptane
The
C-13 NMR spectrum of 2-methylhexane
The
C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-methylhexane
The
C-13 NMR spectrum of 3-ethylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2,2-dimethylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2,3-dimethylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
2,4-dimethylpentane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
3,3-dimethylpentane
The
C-13 NMR spectrum of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
13C NMR spectra of other alkanes
including cycloalkanes
The C-13 NMR spectrum of ethane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of
propane
The C-13 NMR
spectrum of cyclopropane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclobutane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of cyclopentane
The C-13
NMR spectrum of cyclohexane
The C-13 NMR spectrum of octane
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Phil Brown 2000+. All copyrights reserved on Doc Brown's advanced
level pre-university organic chemistry revision notes about alkanes, images,
quizzes, worksheets on alkanes Copying of website material is NOT
permitted, the organic chemistry of the homologous series of alkanes, the chemical
reactions of alkanes, the physical structure and chemical properties of
alkanes, the describing the infrared,
mass and NMR spectra of alkanes, equations for the chemistry of alkanes
molecules, reaction mechanisms explained for the reactions of alkanes,
detailed revision notes for examination questions on the organic chemistry
of alkanes
Website content © Dr Phil Brown 2000+. All
copyrights reserved on revision notes, images, quizzes, worksheets etc. Copying
of website material is NOT permitted. Exam revision summaries & references to
A level chemistry course specifications are unofficial.
Website content © Dr Phil Brown 2000+. All
copyrights reserved on these organic chemistry exam revision
notes on chemistry of alkanes, these A level chemistry revision notes are suitable for use of pre-university students studying AQA advanced level
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